⮚ Reproductive Health ✔ General Meaning: o It refers to healthy reproductive organs with normal functions. ✔ As per WHO: o It refers to a total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural and social. ⮚ Problems and Strategies ✔ Family Planning Programmes (1951) o Included action plans and programmes at a…
➢ Application of Biotechnology includes the following: o therapeutics, diagnostics, o genetically modified crops for agriculture, o processed food, bioremediation, o waste treatment, and energy production ➢ Critical Research areas of Biotechnology I.Providing the best catalyst in the form of improved organism usually a microbe or pure enzyme. II.Creating optimal conditions through engineering…
This post contains the study notes on the chapter 11 of class-12 biology. This Class 12 Notes will help you to easily understand the concepts of biotechnology.
⮚ Introduction ✔ Gametogenesis: Process of formation of gametes. ✔ Insemination: Process of transfer of the male gametes (sperm) into the female genital tract. ✔ Implantation: Process of attachment of blastocyst to the uterine walls. ✔ Gestation: The event of embryonic development. ✔ Parturition: The process of delivery of the baby. ⮚ The male reproductive…
➢ FLOWER ✔ Reproductive unit of the flowering plants. ✔ Atypical bisexual flower consists of 4 different whorls – calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. ✔ Calyx – outermost whorl consists of sepals. ✔ Corolla – composed of petals that are usually brightly colored. ✔ Androecium – represents the male reproductive organ. o Composed of stamens….
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➢ BIODIVERSITY ✔ The combined diversity at all the levels of biological organization. ✔ Popularised by: Edward Wilson ➔ Types of Biodiversity 🙞 Genetic Diversity: High degree of diversity shown by a single species over a distributional range. o Example-1: Rauwolfia vomitoria – Grows in the Himalayan ranges. Shows variation in the potency and concentration…
➢ INTRODUCTION ✔ An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. ✔ Ecosystem is the interaction of living things among themselves and with their surrounding environment. ✔ There are two basic ecosystems o Terrestrial ▪ Forest, grassland and desert…
Study notes for the Chapter-13 of Class XII Biology:- “Organisms and Population”. The notes has been developed in an well organised and detailed manner and is based on the NCERT Textbook.
Reproduction in Organisms ➢ INTRODUCTION ✔ Life span: The period from birth to the natural death of an organism. ✔ Reproduction: o The biological process through which an organism gives rise to young offspring similar to itself. o Enables the continuity of the species, generation after generation. ✔ The process of reproduction of…