Human Health and Diseases | NCERT Line Extract | Class-12 Biology Practice Questions
1. What is the contribution of William Harvey in the field of Biology?
2. State the three factors that could affect the health.
3. Define health.
4. Differentiate between infectious and non-infectious diseases.
5. What are pathogens?
6. Name the test that is performed to confirm disease caused by Salmonella typhi.
7. Identify the disease in a person with the following symptoms:
a. Sustained high fever
b. Stomach pain
c. Constipation
d. Headache
e. Loss of appetite
8. Name the causative organism for the disease pneumonia in human. Name the target organ and mention any four symptoms.
9. How does Rhino virus affect human beings? Name the target organ. How does it transmit from infected person to a healthy person?
10. Name the causative organism of the malignant form of Malaria.
11. Name the three different species of plasmodium that could cause Malaria.
12. What are sporozoites?
13. Name the initial site of multiplication of Plasmodium in human body.
14. What is haemozoin? When is it released?
15. How many hosts does the female Anopheles mosquito require to complete its life cycle? Name them.
16. Given a flow chart representing the life cycle of Plasmodium.
17. A disease is characterized by symptoms including constipation, abdominal pain and cramps, stool with blood clot and mucus.
a. Identify the disease.
b. Name the pathogen.
c. Name the vector.
d. How does the vector transmit the parasite?
18. Name the intestinal parasite known to cause Ascariasis? List out nay two symptoms associated with the disease.
19. How does the parasite that causes Ascariasis contaminate the soil, water and plants?
20. How does Wuchereria affect the lymphatic vessels in human? What do you call the disease? Name the two species involved in this disease.
21. A person appears to have dry and scaly lesions on the skins. What could be the possible disease condition? Also name the pathogen.
22. Why pathogen of ringworm disease commonly found in areas such as groin and in between the toes?
23. How can the transmission of infectious agents via food and water be controlled?
24. List any three steps that could be taken to control/eliminate the vector responsible for Malaria/Filariaris.
25. Name the vector for dengue and chikungunya.
26. What do you understand by inborn immunity? State the first line of defence for the body that come under this type of immunity.
27. Explain the two type of second line of defence (innate immunity) of the body.
28. How does the primary response differ from secondary response? Name the special types of cell involved in this.
29. Why the B-cell mediated immunity is also called acquired immunity?
30. What do you understand by anamnestic immune response?
31. Explain the structure of immunoglobulin molecule.
32. What are the major types of immunoglobulin in our body? State their roles.
33. State any two points of difference between humoral immune response and cell mediated immune response.
34. What kind of immunity involved in graft rejection? How can the graft rejection be suppressed?
35. Explain your understanding on active immunity. Provide examples for the same.
36. The foetus receives some kind of antibodies from the mother during the pregnancy. What do you call this type of immunity? Provide another example for such kind of immunity.
37. What are vaccines? What principle of immune system is it based on?
38. Explain the mechanism of functioning of vaccines.
39. Why Tetanus injection comes under passive immunisation?
40. Name the antibody involved with exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment.
41. What are allergies? Provide any two examples.
42. List out any thee symptoms of allergic reaction.
43. Why does the allergic reaction appear? How can we quickly reduce its symptoms?
44. Why do more and more children in Metro cities suffer from Allergic reactions?
45. Why does auto immune disorder occur in the body? Provide two examples of such disorder.
46. Where do the origin, maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur in the body?
47. What are primary lymphoid organ? How is it different from the secondary lymphoid organ?
48. List out the six secondary lymphoid organ in the body.
49. Why does the immune system become weak as we become old?
50. Name the two types of cell that is mainly present in the spleen.
51. State the roles of lymph nodes in the body.
52. What is MALT?
53. What percentage of lymphoid tissue in the body is represented by MALT?
54. Why is AIDS not called as a disease but referred to as a syndrome?
55. Explain in brief the structure of retrovirus.
56. How does HIV virus transmit?
57. What is reverse transcription? Name the enzyme involved.
58. Name the first cell that HIV target in the body. Is the life cycle of HIV lytic or lysogenic?
59. Name the HIV factory in the body.
60. How does the HIV virus reduce the immunity of the body?
61. Name the diagnostic test done for detection of AIDS.
62. Can we treat HIV AIDS? If yes, how? Will the treatment permanently cure the disease?
63. List out any three methods that could help in preventing the HIV infection from spreading.
64. Explain in details the replication of retrovirus in our body.
65. What id NACO? State their purpose in our country.
66. What is contact inhibition? Name one cell that does no exhibit this property.
67. What is tumor? Explain its two types.
68. How does the cancerous cell effect the growth of normal cell?
69. What id metastatic property shown by cancerous cells?
70. What do you call the agents responsible for the transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells? Provide any two examples of the same.
71. What are viral oncogenes?
72. What does ‘c-onc’ represent? How can they impact the normal cell?
73. In a diagnostic technique a piece of suspected tissue is cut into thin section , stained and examined under microscope by pathologist. What do you call this technique? Name one disease for which this technique could be employed.
74. State the two techniques that is used for detecting cancer in the internal organs? Explain the mechanism of functioning of these two techniques in brief.
75. Explain in details the techniques involved in the treatment of cancer.
76. How does α-interferon help in killing the tumor cells?
77. Why do you think the intake of drugs and alcohol is rising among the youth? Why is it a matter of concern?
78. A bitter crystalline compound which is white in colour and obtained from the latex of Papaver somniferum.
a. Identify the chemical compound.
b. Provide its common name.
c. State the mode of intake of the drug.
d. How does it affect the body functions?
e. Name the receptor it binds to. Where are these receptors located in the body?
79. What are cannabinoids? How does it affect the body?
80. What is the source of natural cannabinoids?
81. How can you obtain Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. if you are provided with the source plant? How are these drugs taken in?
82. Name the drug obtained from Erythroxylum coca.
83. How does crack affect the human body?
84. Will a low dose of cocaine cause hallucination?
85. What kinds of drugs could be obtained from Atropa belladona and Datura?
86. Name the drug used as medicine for patients with mental illness like depression.
87. State the medicinal use of morphine.
88. What do you understand by drug abuse?
89. How does nicotine affect the adrenal gland?
90. Why smoking is injurious to health?
91. Explain in detail the reason behind drug and alcohol abuse.
92. What do you understand by addiction to drugs?
93. What is withdrawal symptom? How can it be reduced?
94. Answer the following with regard to the effect of drug and alcohol abuse:
a. What are the immediate adverse effects of drug and alcohol abuse?
b. What are the effects of excessive does of drug intake?
c. List out the most common warning signs of drug and alcohol abuse.
95. What is chirrhosis?
96. How does sportsman misuse drugs?
97. What are the side effects of use of anabolic steroids in females?
98. List out the side effects of anabolic steroids in male.
99. How does HIV AIDS, hepatitis-B is transmitted among drug abusers?
100. Explain in details the five major steps that could be taken for the prevention and control of alcohol and drug abuse in adolescence.
